Escalating Violence in Rakhine State: Civilian Casualties Rise Amid Airstrikes

Recent airstrikes conducted by the Myanmar Air Force in Pauktaw Township, located approximately 131 miles (210 km) east of the state capital Sittwe, have resulted in the deaths of at least five, possibly seven, civilians and injuries to 17 others. This incident occurred on Saturday and was reported by Wai Hun Aung, a humanitarian aid worker operating in territory controlled by the Arakan Army (AA).

Fighting between the AA and regime forces has intensified, particularly along the road to Pauktaw. Residents in Sittwe expressed their fears, with one stating that they were so afraid of airstrikes that they had not been able to sleep a single night, according to reports from DVB.

In addition to the civilian casualties, the conflict has led to significant destruction. At least 420 homes across three villages on Pauktaw’s Ngapi Island were burned down following artillery fire from regime forces between October 7-10. Reports indicate that two of nine Myanmar Navy vessels stationed off the coast of Pauktaw were also hit by artillery fired by the AA on October 7, prompting their retreat to the regime’s Shwemingan Naval Base in Sittwe.

The ongoing conflict has seen a substantial increase in violence since a new counteroffensive began on September 4, with The Institute for Strategy and Policy (ISP-Myanmar) reporting at least 70 civilian deaths resulting from 71 airstrikes and 32 clashes between the AA and regime forces during this period. The AA has maintained control over its territory as of early 2024, having seized 14 out of Arakan’s 17 townships and expanded its offensive into neighboring regions.

The Arakan Army has described the regime’s actions as war crimes against civilians in its statements.

Myanmar's state media has framed the conflict as a necessary military operation to restore order, emphasizing the government's commitment to national sovereignty and security. In contrast, independent outlets like DVB highlight the humanitarian crisis and civilian suffering, portraying the regime's actions as indiscriminate violence against the populace.

Reports have detailed the evacuation of over 3,000 residents from villages downstream of the Ma Mya Dam due to fears of a potential collapse, illustrating the situation in the region.

Indonesian coverage also reports on the civilian casualties and refers to the geopolitical ramifications of the conflict, particularly how it affects regional stability and international relations.

Analysts warn that continued airstrikes could lead to further civilian casualties and exacerbate the humanitarian crisis in Rakhine State. InsideASEAN has reported on the severe impacts of flooding in the region, which has left many farmers in urgent need of assistance.

In light of these developments, the AA has condemned the regime’s actions, labeling them as war crimes against civilians. They have called for international support to hold those responsible accountable for the ongoing violence.